Acetabular fractures refer to breaks in the socket of the hip joint, known as the acetabulum. This joint is part of the pelvis and interacts with the femoral head (upper thigh bone) to form the "ball-and-socket" structure that allows smooth movement. These fractures are less common than hip fractures involving the femur but can severely impair mobility and joint function. Due to the structural complexity of the hip, acetabular fractures often require surgical intervention and may lead to complications such as arthritis if not managed correctly.
Acetabular fractures typically occur from high-energy trauma, such as:
In older adults, fractures can also occur from low-energy trauma, such as a simple fall, especially if the patient has underlying conditions like osteoporosis that weaken bones.
The treatment approach depends on the severity and stability of the fracture.
Walking aids (crutches or walkers) to avoid weight-bearing on the affected leg for 8 to 12 weeks.
Positioning devices like abduction pillows or knee immobilizers to restrict hip movement.
Pain management through non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or prescribed medications.
Blood thinners to reduce the risk of blood clots, especially during the recovery period.
If the fracture is unstable or involves displaced bone fragments, surgery is typically required:
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): Bone fragments are repositioned and held together with plates and screws to promote healing.
Total Hip Replacement: If the acetabulum or cartilage is too damaged to repair, the joint may be replaced with artificial components.
Some fractures may lead to complications such as:
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