Colon polyps are small growths that form on the inner lining of the colon (large intestine) or rectum. While most colon polyps are benign and do not cause symptoms, some types can develop into colon cancer over time. Routine screenings, such as colonoscopies, are essential for detecting and removing polyps early, significantly reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. Colon polyps can vary in size and shape, with the two main types being pedunculated (having a stalk) and sessile (broad-based).
The exact cause of colon polyps is not entirely understood, but genetic mutations play a significant role. Most polyps are sporadic, occurring randomly, although some people may have hereditary syndromes that increase their likelihood of developing multiple polyps. Risk factors for colon polyps include:
The main treatment for colon polyps is removal during a colonoscopy, especially if they are neoplastic (precancerous). The procedure is called a polypectomy. Post-removal, polyps are sent for biopsy to determine their type and cancer risk. Follow-up screenings will depend on the number and type of polyps removed. For patients with a history of polyps, surveillance colonoscopies may be scheduled every one to ten years based on individual risk factors.
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