GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) is a chronic digestive condition where stomach acid or, occasionally, bile flows back into the esophagus—the tube that connects the throat and stomach. This backwash, known as acid reflux, irritates the esophageal lining, causing discomfort. While occasional acid reflux is normal, GERD occurs when the reflux becomes frequent and persistent, leading to inflammation and complications.
Many individuals can manage GERD with lifestyle modifications and medications, but more severe cases may require surgical intervention.
In healthy digestion, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)—a muscular ring at the junction of the esophagus and stomach—opens to allow food to pass into the stomach and closes to prevent backflow. However, in GERD, the LES either weakens or relaxes abnormally, allowing stomach contents, including acid, to reflux into the esophagus. This exposure to acid can damage the delicate lining of the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation.
Heartburn:A burning sensation in the chest, often occurring after meals and worsening at night or when lying down.
Regurgitation:A sour or bitter-tasting liquid or food rising into the throat.
Chest or upper abdominal pain.
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
Sensation of a lump in the throat.
Chronic cough.
Hoarseness or laryngitis.
Worsening asthma symptoms
If you experience chest pain with shortness of breath or radiating pain in the arm or jaw (as these may indicate a heart attack).
If GERD symptoms are severe, frequent, or do not improve with over-the-counter medications.
GERD results from repeated episodes of acid or non-acid reflux. This occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter does not close properly, allowing stomach contents to travel back into the esophagus.
Obesity: Excess weight increases pressure on the abdomen, forcing stomach contents upward.
Hiatal Hernia: A condition where the stomach bulges above the diaphragm, affecting the LES’s function.
Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased abdominal pressure may trigger reflux.
Connective tissue disorders: Conditions like scleroderma that affect muscles and connective tissues.
Delayed stomach emptying: Impaired digestion can increase the chances of reflux.
Smoking.
Eating large meals or eating close to bedtime.
Fatty or fried foods.
Caffeine or alcohol consumption.
Certain medications, such as aspirin and NSAIDs
Maintain a healthy weight.
Avoid large meals and refrain from eating late at night.
Elevate the head of your bed to prevent nighttime reflux.
Avoid smoking, caffeine, and alcohol.
Identify and avoid trigger foods, such as spicy or fatty foods.
Antacids: Provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid.
H2-Receptor Blockers: Reduce acid production (e.g., ranitidine, famotidine).
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Stronger medications that block acid production (e.g., omeprazole, esomeprazole).
Prokinetics: Help with stomach emptying and improve LES function (e.g., metoclopramide).
Fundoplication: The upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophagus to strengthen the LES.
LINX Device: A magnetic ring placed around the LES to prevent reflux while allowing food to pass normally.
Esophagitis: Inflammation that can cause bleeding or ulcers.
Esophageal Stricture: Narrowing of the esophagus due to scar tissue, leading to swallowing difficulties.
Barrett's Esophagus: Precancerous changes in the esophageal lining, increasing the risk of esophageal cancer.
Healthcare International is a medical value travel undertaking that connects patients with world-class healthcare services across India and other medical destinations. It is a top-tier hospital network and over hundreds of expert clinicians to accord personalized care, advanced treatment, and global access to ensure the best possible medical outcomes for each of its patients.
Copyright © 2024, Healthcare International
